Although Berlin was a flashpoint between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, the city declined in national and international significance until 1989–90, when a popular and peaceful uprising toppled the East German government and soon after restored a united Berlin as the capital of a reunified Germany. Rising in the Alps of Switzerland, it's overall length runs (820 miles) (1,319 km), and along it path numerous tributaries and branches stretch in all directionsAnother river of note is the Danube, which rises in the Black Forest to then stretch across central Europe all the way to the Black Sea.Additional rivers of size include the Elbe, Ems, Havel, Isr, Lahn, Lech, Main, Moselle, Oder, Spree and Weser. As observed on the physical map of Germany, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Germany has a museum dedicated to snoring. ), Motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products. The uplands continue eastward, eventually rising into the Ore Mountains on the Czech Republic border. The North Sea coastline is low, marshy wetland, with dikes, mudflats and scattered islands. The states are further divided into 401 administrative districts, of which there are 294 rural districts (Kreise) and 107 urban districts (Kreisfreie Stadte). The North European Plain extends across the northern reaches of the country; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by numerous bogs, rivers and streams, and is mostly used as farmland. Germany, the most populous nation in the European Union, possesses one of the largest economies in the world and has seen its role in the international community grow steadily since reunification. km, Germany is the 7th largest country in Europe. The largest of the states is Bavaria (Bayern), the richest is Baden-Württemberg, and the most populous is North Rhine–Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen). That overseas empire was dismantled following Germany’s defeat in World War I and the abdication of Emperor William II. The name Germany has long described not a particular place but the loose, fluid polity of Germanic-speaking peoples that held sway over much of western Europe north of the Alps for millennia. The northern fringe of the Central German Uplands, Modern economic history: from partition to reunification, The rise of the Carolingians and Boniface, The Ottonian conquest of Italy and the imperial crown, The Salians, the papacy, and the princes, 1024–1125, Hohenstaufen cooperation and conflict with the papacy, 1152–1215, The empire after the Hohenstaufen catastrophe, The extinction of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, The rise of the Habsburgs and Luxembourgs, The growth of territorialism under the princes, Constitutional conflicts in the 14th century, Developments in the individual states to about 1500, German society, economy, and culture in the 14th and 15th centuries, Imperial election of 1519 and the Diet of Worms, Lutheran church organization and confessionalization, The Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia, Territorial states in the age of absolutism, The consolidation of Brandenburg-Prussia and Austria, Further rise of Prussia and the Hohenzollerns, Enlightened reform and benevolent despotism, The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic era, The age of Metternich and the era of unification, 1815–71, The 1850s: years of political reaction and economic growth, Bismarck’s national policies: the restriction of liberalism, Franco-German conflict and the new German Reich, The rise and fall of the Weimar Republic, 1918–33, Years of economic and political stabilization, Allied occupation and the formation of the two Germanys, 1945–49, Formation of the Federal Republic of Germany, Formation of the German Democratic Republic, Political consolidation and economic growth, 1949–69, Helmut Kohl and the struggles of reunification, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Germany, Germany - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Germany - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Legal Name: Federal Republic of Germany: Capital City: Berlin: 52 31 N, 13 24 E: Independence: 18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; … Major landforms here include the volcanic in origin Harz Mountains and the thickly wooded Rothaargebirge Mountains. The lowest point (natural) in Germany is : Neuendorf-Sachsenbande in Wilstermarsch at 3.54 m (11.6 ft) below sea-level. Further south the rounded hills and mountains of the Eifel and Huynsruck uplands front the Rhine River Valley. In the northeast, and then stretching to the south of Berlin, Germany's land remains sandy and punctuated by dozens of mostly small lakes formed by retreating glaciers during the last Ice Age. [Note: Bayern, Sachsen and Thueringen refer to themselves as Free states (Freistaaten, sing. Yet Germans prize both their private friendships and their friendly relations with neighbours and visitors, place a high value on leisure and culture, and enjoy the benefits of life in a liberal democracy that has become ever more integrated with and central to a united Europe. Economic depression, widespread unemployment, and political strife that verged on civil war followed, leading to the collapse of the progressive Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler. 25 Highest Income Earning Countries In The World, 18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed on 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; West Germany and East Germany unified on 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights on 15 March 1991; notable earlier dates: 10 August 843 (Eastern Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 2 February 962 (crowning of OTTO I, recognized as the first Holy Roman Emperor), Austria 801 km, Belgium 133 km, Czech Republic 704 km, Denmark 140 km, France 418 km, Luxembourg 128 km, Netherlands 575 km, Poland 467 km, Switzerland 348 km, Temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind, German 87.2%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, other 9% (2017 est.

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